•NRLF 


472 
M65 


B   M   351   DflS 


ilANDSCAPEAMITECTVRE 


=$EL,L  & 


BE  R  K  Ell Y      { 
l.RY       j 

*NIA         J 


Date 


PERSONAL  LIBRARY 
OF 

JOHN  WM.    GREGG 

Value 


COPYRIGHT   1911 

MORELL  &  NICHOLS 


landscape  Architecture^ 


i 


IMORELL  &  NICHOLS! 

,,       LANDSCAPE   ARCHITECTS  *J 


MINNEAPOLIS 


LANDSCAPE 
ARCHITECTURE 


GIFT 


HE  practice  of  Landscape  Architecture  as  a  pro- 
fession and  art  is  one  of  the  most  recent,  yet  one 
of  the  most  important  to  be  recognized  in  America. 
For  many  centuries  this  art  has  been  developed 
by  the  highly  cultured  nations  of  the  eastern  world, 
but  in  America  the  former  generations  have  been 
so  occupied  with  the  building  up  of  the  country 
that  little  thought,  until  the  last  few  decades,  has  been  given  to 
this  outdoor  art.  The  Egyptians,  Babylonians,  Persians,  Greeks, 
and  Romans,  and  eventually  all  the  civilized  nations  of  Europe 
gave  great  attention  to  the  development  of  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture and  produced  results  which  today  speak  for  themselves. 
In  our  travels  we  admire  the  stately  Italian  Villas  surrounded  with 
their  forests  of  cypresses  and  with  their  arrangement  of  terraces, 
gardens,  fountains,  statues,  pergolas,  etc.  We  are  also  impressed 
with  the  suburban  English  cottages  covered  with  vines  and  with 
their  broad  lawns,  walks  bordered  with  old  fashioned  perennial 
flowers  and  shade  trees.  It  is  with  the  recognition  of  these  beau- 
ties and  with  the  knowledge  that  the  rapid  development  of  this 
country  was  crowding  the  grounds  to  a  minimum  that  gradually 
more  and  more  attention  has  been  given  to  beautifying  our  cities 
and  towns  and  making  the  surroundings  of  public  buildings  and 
private  homes  as  attractive  as  skill  can  make  them.  Already 
there  are  a  great  many  accomplishments  of  which  this  country 
can  be  justly  proud,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  America  should 
not  lead  in  this  profession,  as  nature  has  lavishly  bestowed  great 
ranges  of  mountains  and  hills  covered  with  virgin  forest,  great 
rivers,  lakes,  and  water-falls,  all  of  which  form  the  most  beauti- 
ful natural  landscape  effects  and  which  only  wait  to  be  developed 
and  made  available  for  public  and  private  use. 


120 


As  an  Architect  studies  the  design  of  his 
building  and  considers  its  relation  both  to 
an  artistic  impression  and  to  a  practical  use- 
ful purpose,  and  as  the  painter  studies  his 
color  scheme  for  the  most  realistic  effect,  so  the  Landscape  Archi- 
tect studies  the  development  of  grounds,  whether  public  or  pri- 
vate, in  their  relation  to  the  scheme  which  will  give  both  the  most 
attractive  and  practical  results.  As  it  is  necessary  for  the  Archi- 


A    Corner  of  City  Flower  Garden. 


MORELL  ft  NICHOLS. 


tect  to  plan  for  the  building,  so  it  is  necessary  for  the  Landscape 
Architect  to  plan  for  the  grounds  at  large,  and  the  work  of  the 
two  should  go  hand  in  hand  to  produce  a  harmonious  whole. 


Board  of  ParJ(  Commissioners,  Duluth,  Minn.     One  of  Ten  Bridges  on  Snivel^  Road. 

MORELL  &   NICHOLS,   LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTS 


Up  to  the  present  time  few  of  the  American 
cities  have  been  built  with  a  comprehensive 

P^an  ^°r  ^uture  exPansi°n>  but  with  the  rapid 
growth  of  these  cities  has  come  the  recognition 
of  the  need  for  looking  forward  to  the  future  so  that  the  location 
of  Public  Buildings,  Parks,  Boulevards,  etc.,  will  be  such  as  to 
meet  the  ultimate  demands  of  the  city  and  give  a  properly  focal- 
ized scheme.  It  is  with  careful  study  of  these  needs  that  the 
Landscape  Architect  considers  the  problems  of  civic  development 
and  plans  for  the  ultimate  growth  and  needs  of  a  community. 


ir  P\HK  (  OMMISSIOM  H- 

PLAN     TOR  AR 


>  Vy?$&  $/,-       ,  .-••,-'.   RgMK 

•<v*?**r  ^^K* 

~ 

^y ,  ""•*»»>    4    «••«•       -  ^^  ^«     ^       ' 


^•*&Mliti  &&  .-sakrlj 


E 

1  1 

ms&Pva*  *mmi% 


/or  Par^  on  Rock])  Hillside. 


In  each  city  or  town  there  is  more  and  more  real- 
ization  of  the  need  of  some  larger  or  smaller  Pub- 
lie  Parks  where  the  public  can  enjoy  the  beauties 
of  nature  and  gain  the  recreation  which  is  only  to 
be  found  among  the  trees  and  flowers.  A  city  can  have  no  greater 
asset  than  the  possession  of  beautiful  Parks,  Squares,  Children's 
Playgrounds,  Boulevards,  etc.  Beside  the  pleasure  afforded  to 
the  inhabitants  themselves,  the  fame  of  such  civic  improvements 
soon  spreads  and  eventually  repays  the  involved  expense  many 


Arrangement  for  Small  C/Vp 


,,,    . 


%    I 
' 

' 


K$e 

If  |    .@i^i«?5^i 


HOARD  OF  PARK  COMMISSIONERS 

>i  FOR 

LELSTE.3R.' 


times  over.  Fortunate  is  the  community  which  has  foreseen  this 
need  and  secured  such  spots  as  possess  natural  beauties  and  ac- 
quired them  before  they  are  destroyed  by  the  expansion  of  the 
city.  Example  of  such  foresight  is  well  illustrated  by  the  city 
of  Duluth,  which  has  secured  the  most  beautiful  ravines  with 
their  streams  and  some  of  the  rocky  hillsides  which  otherwise  are 
of  little  value  and  which  are  being  improved  as  shown  by  some 
of  the  accompanying  plans.  Such  natural  beauties  offer  great 
opportunities  to  the  Landscape  Architect  to  transform  them  into 
natural  parks.  Although  every  city  cannot  be  situated  so  as  to 
possess  these  natural  advantages,  there  is  the  greater  reason  that 
some  areas  should  be  made  into  charming  parks  by  means  of 
careful  planning  and  development. 

The  need  of  a  Landscape  Architect  to  plan 
^or  ^e  Development  °f  various  kinds  of  Insti- 
tutions  is  seen  today  in  many  instances  by  the 
sad  result  which  has  been  the  outcome  of  build- 
ing from  time  to  time  without  any  given  plan  for  the  future  growth. 
It  has  been  the  aim  of  Landscape  Architects  to  study  as  far  as 
possible  the  future  requirements  and  ultimate  growth  of  these  In- 
stitutions and  so  to  plan  for  their  arrangement  that  as  the  time 
goes  on  and  as  the  Institutions  grow,  year  by  year  the  plan  for 
this  arrangement  can  be  followed  and  thus  by  looking  towards 
the  ultimate  scheme  can  procure  a  result  which  will  always  be 
harmonious  in  itself.  An  illustration  of  this  comprehensive  plan- 
ning for  the  future  growth  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  illus- 
tration for  the  development  of  the  Industrial  School  for  Girls  at 
Sauk  Centre,  Minnesota. 


•;••::; 

•)  >  v  1  )•>  :>  i  3.5  s  •  >  -j ./•-.»•<•: 


Private 
(grounds 


One  of  the  largest  fields  for  the  Landscape 
Architect  is  that  of  the  development  of  Private 
Grounds.  Whether  these  be  large  or  small, 
city  or  country,  it  is  his  aim  to  produce  such 
surroundings  to  the  home  as  will  give  the  greatest  enjoyment  to  the 
owner  and  furnish  him  with  a  bit  of  nature  and  its  beauty.  Wheth- 
er it  be  a  walk  or  drive,  tiny  bird  pool  or  fountain,  rustic  arbor 
or  pergola,  garden  gate  or  massive  entrance,  flower  gardens  or 
formal  terraces,  or  the  informal  grouping  of  trees  and  shrubs  that 
enters  into  the  scheme,  it  receives  his  most  careful  study  as  to  their 


City  Lol   Treatment. 


arrangement  and  with  reference  to  the  general  color  effect,  both 
by  foliage  and  bloom,  which  will  make  the  ground  attractive 
throughout  the  entire  season.  In  the  treatment  of  private  grounds 
it  is  not  necessary  to  discuss  the  matter  of  formality  or  informality, 
as  each  has  its  own  merits  and  every  prcblem  must  be  solved  to 
its  own  individual  advantage.  Very  often  in  connection  with 
the  house  a  formal  garden  will  act  as  an  outdoor  living  room, 
and  will  be  a  great  addition  to  the  house  itself.  An  example  of 
such  formal  arrangement  of  flower  garden  in  relation  to  the  house 
on  a  small  private  place  in  the  city  is  shown  by  the  accompanying 
illustration. 


City  Grounds  Treatment. 


Oftentimes  two  adjoining  places  can  be  treated  in  a  co-oper- 
ative manner  and  produce  a  simple  open  treatment  as  a  whole 
and  thus  avoid  the  division  of  property  into  separate  schemes 
with  the  usual  hedge  or  fence  between.  In  such  a  case  the  entire 
scheme  is  much  simplified  as  one  drive,  one  garage,  and  one  court 
serve  both  properties  and  each  has  more  room  for  lawn  and  gar- 
den. The  possibilities  of  such  co-operative  treatment  of  two 
places  is  shown  herewith. 


hri 


With  the  growing  demand  for  country  life  and 
the  country  now  made  so  accessible  by  modern 
transportation  facilities  comes  the  natural 
growth  of  the  country  estate  and  the  possibil- 
ities for  Landscape  Architecture  in  its  largest  sphere.  Naturally, 
with  the  larger  grounds,  available  space  can  be  given  over  to 
various  games  and  recreations,  and  the  arrangement  of  flower 
gardens,  vegetable  gardens,  orchards,  paddocks,  and  numerous 
other  features  in  keeping  with  the  country  estate  can  be  made  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  give  each  its  proper  place  of  advantage  and 
produce  a  scheme  from  which  the  owner  can  derive  a  maximum 


,,      U       ,,,0    M,.    .J.-..-V       ..-.,. 
SKETCH     FOR    AKH  \NUKMIM    •••    GROUNDS 


&^4£fr;    <ft$?4d 


Arrangement  for  Suburban   Estate. 


GEDHARD    BOHN   ESQ 


Arrangement  for  Country  Estate. 


amount  of  pleasure  and  comfort.  The  possibilities  of  such  de- 
velopment is  shown  in  the  accompanying  plan  of  a  lake  estate, 
which  arrangement  should  be  contrasted  with  the  existing  condi- 
tions before  this  scheme  was  followed,  as  shown  by  the  survey 
plan. 


1  iy  1AH1)    IX  *  IN 


Survey  of  Country  Estate. 


More  and  more  thought  is  constantly  be- 
ing given  to  the  surroundings  of  the  pub- 
lic schools.  Not  only  with  an  object  of 
improving  the  appearance  of  the  grounds 
is  this  attention  given,  but  with  the  ar- 
rangement  of  children's  gardens  there  is 
seen  direct  bearing  and  influence  upon  the 

continued  appreciation  of  nature  by  the  pupils.  The  work  of  the 
children  in  these  small  experimental  gardens  becomes  both  a  source 
of  pleasure  and  training  for  later  work.  Also  in  this  connection 
comes  the  planning  of  children's  playgrounds  to  give  them  the 
space  due  them  for  enjoyment  and  in  this  way  make  the  school 
and  its  surroundings  a  place  of  attraction  and  interest  to  the 
children. 


HOARD  OF  I!\HK   COMNIS^IONKH.- 
AN    SHOWING    ' 

PORTMAN   SQTARE 


1 


I 


Arrangement  for  Playgrounds. 


/'•••*  *.'**»  vY{  '  ""&  *w     vv 

•F0*  '%-'\ 

/"'    ••V?1*A";^1Ct|^^:^v"^^"  >x'' 

k       .^i^^^^LJ^     '% 


.    . 


*« 

.  •,•-,^•4^ 


t3 


Another  gradual  change  which  is  being 
J\6Qt  &Stdte  noticed  in  the  development  of  our  cities 

^giteloonient  anc^ towns  *s  ^e  piannms  f°r  rea' es- 

•     '  tate  development,  especially  in  the  res- 

idential and  suburban  districts,  so  as  to  make  the  most  of  any 
natural  advantages  and  so  arrange  the  roads  and  lots  in  such  a 
way  as  to  conform  to  the  natural  topography.  In  a  rolling  coun- 
try the  great  advantage  of  this  over  the  usual  rectangular  blocks 
can  easily  be  seen  and  is  invariably  of  great  interest  to  the  pros- 
pective purchaser  in  view  of  the  fact  that  such  a  scheme  gives 
each  lot  an  individuality  of  its  own  and  each  lot  holder  has  his 
own  peculiar  advantages  and  chance  for  individual  arrangement. 
A  small  example  of  such  a  scheme  is  shown  in  the  plan  of  an  at- 
tractive piece  of  property  fronting  on  a  lake. 

The  same  principles  as  apply  to  the  parks  and 
larger  estates  make  the  matter  of  planning  for  the 
Development  °f  Club  Grounds  of  great  interest, 
so  arranging  the  location  of  buildings  and  spaces 
for  sports  as  not  only  to  give  a  feasible  practical  arrangement,  but 
also  to  lend  that  touch  of  nature  which  the  clubman  leaving  his 
business  for  recreation  craves,  so  that  he  will  feel  he  is  enjoying 
the  true  pleasures  of  country  life. 

Probably  no  field  of  the  practice  has  been  up 
J*  QCtOfy          to  the  present  time  so  neglected  as  that  of  fac- 

Cl rQlinds    tory  §rounc^s»  anc^  vet  there  ls  no  greater  ad- 
*  vertising  medium  and  nothing  to  which  a  work- 

ingman  will  go  with  greater  pride  than  to  the  factory  whose 
grounds  are  made  attractive  and  surrounded  with  trees,  shrubs, 
flowers,  and  it  has  been  very  markedly  demonstrated  that  the  in- 
fluence of  such  development  extends  beyond  the  beautification  of 


the  factory  grounds  and  extends  to  the  workingman's  home  where 
he  desires  to  make  his  little  grounds  attractive  and  bright.  It  is 
through  this  influence  that  the  development  of  factory  grounds  is 
everywhere  receiving  more  and  more  attention. 


.1  •.•  •,  i .  M  •  • 


I 

I 

«•»,   ,   v*'3~T-'' 

v^       ..>  v>  *JT#  V»  O  kJi 

•;J^ 


jfas 

W      *  !  J  >«     '     H     <  { 

f-  !^. 

yy^M,m 


^ 

•>+<**4&A 

I J  -• 


4i 

..f: 
•/  s 


SS^S^ 

o  ••> 


Proposed   Treatment  for  Factory  Grounds. 


It  is  the  aim  of  the  Landscape  Architect  to  meet 
a^  problems  of  development  of  property,  public 
or  private,  with  the  sole  aim  of  planning  for  that 
development  in  such  a  way  as  to  produce  the  results  which  will 
give  the  greatest  enjoyment  and  answer  all  practical  needs. 


^N 

MORCLU  a,  NICHOLS  ~       LANDSCAPE  ARCHITEXT5 


MORELL  &   NICHOLS 

LANDSCAPE   ARCHITECTS 
MINNEAPOLIS 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 


LANDSCAPE  ARCHtt  LIBRARY 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below, 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


10. 

0  1975 


or 


LD  21-50m-6,'59 
(A2845slO)476 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


